People

• ?–634 CE · First Rashidun caliph

  Abu Bakr al-Siddiq

• ?–671 CE · Companion; hadith transmitter

  Abu Bakra (Nufay ibn al-Harith)

• ?–767 CE · Jurist; founder of the Hanafi legal school

  Abu Hanifa (Nu'man ibn Thabit)

• ?–855 CE · Traditionalist jurist and theologian; source of the Hanbali legal school

  Ahmad ibn Hanbal

• ?–870 CE · Hadith compiler; author of Sahih al-Bukhari

  Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari

• ?–820 CE · Jurist; founder of the Shafi'i legal school

  Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i

• ?–661 CE · Fourth Rashidun caliph; first Shia Imam

  Ali ibn Abi Talib

• ?–923 CE · Historian, exegete, and jurist

  Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari

• ?–619 CE · Merchant; first wife of Muhammad

  Khadija bint Khuwaylid

• ?–795 CE · Jurist of Medina; founder of the Maliki legal school

  Malik ibn Anas

• ?–1765 CE · Emir of Diriyah; founder of the First Saudi State

  Muhammad ibn Saud

• ?–644 CE · Second Rashidun caliph

  Umar ibn al-Khattab

• ?–? CE · Companion; reported market supervisor of Medina

  Umm al-Shifa bint Abdullah (al-Shifa' bint Abdullah al-Adawiyya)

• ?–656 CE · Third Rashidun caliph

  Uthman ibn Affan

• 570–632 CE · Religious and political leader; addressee of the Qur'anic revelation in the Islamic tradition

  Muhammad ibn Abdullah

• 614–678 CE · Wife of Muhammad; hadith transmitter; political and military leader

  Aisha bint Abi Bakr

• 630–631 CE · Sasanian empress

  Buran (Boran / Middle Persian Boran, Purandokht)

• 646–705 CE · Fifth Umayyad Caliph

  Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan

• 786–833 CE · Abbasid caliph; instituted the Mihna over the createdness of the Qur'an

  Al-Ma'mun

• 794–842 CE · Abbasid caliph; continued the Mihna, imprisoned and flogged Ahmad ibn Hanbal

  Al-Mu'tasim

• 822–861 CE · Abbasid caliph; ended the Mihna and restored traditionalist doctrine

  Al-Mutawakkil

• 1487–1524 CE · Founder of the Safavid dynasty; imposed Twelver Shi'ism as Iran's state religion

  Shah Ismail I

• 1703–1792 CE · Religious reformer; founder of the movement known as Wahhabism

  Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

• 1849–1905 CE · Grand Mufti of Egypt; Islamic modernist reformer

  Muhammad Abduh

• 1865–1935 CE · Islamic reformer; founder of the journal Al-Manar

  Rashid Rida