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Islamic Legal Theory

Islamic legal theory traces a path from the Prophet's combined revelatory and interpretive authority, through regional legal cultures in the Umayyad period (Ahl al-Ra'y, centered on Kufa and giving weight to discretionary reasoning; Ahl al-Hadith, centered on the Hijaz and giving weight to transmitted reports), to al-Shafi'i's formal ranked hierarchy of sources and the eventual crystallization of the classical Sunni schools (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali) alongside distinct Shia and Ibadi jurisprudential trajectories.

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